Difference between revisions of "Library of analytic solutions (under construction)"
(New page: = analytical solutions (Bruggeman,1999 classification) = == Phreatic (Unconfined) groundwater == Governing Equation (1D or 2D): <math>\nabla \cdot \left(kh \nabla h\right)=S_y\frac{\pa...) |
Analytophile (talk | contribs) (Large reorganization to accomodate potential flow as a topic, rather than dividing confined /unconfined as with Bruggeman classification) |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | + | Categorization is loosely based upon scheme used by Bruggeman (1999) | |
− | = | + | = Steady-state Confined/Unconfined Potential Flow = |
Governing Equation (1D or 2D): | Governing Equation (1D or 2D): | ||
− | <math>\nabla \cdot \left( | + | <math>\nabla \cdot \left(k\phi \nabla h\right)=-N </math> |
+ | |||
+ | Where <math>\phi</math> is the saturated thickness of the aquifer [<math>L</math>], <math>N</math> is the vertical influx to the aquifer (recharge/leakage) [<math>LT^{-1}</math>], and <math>h</math> [<math>L</math>] is the head measured with the respect to a flat aquifer base. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A common transformation (the Girinskii potential) can be used to simplified the governing equation, and make it equally valid for both confined flow (<math>\phi=H</math>) and unconfined flow (<math>\phi=h</math>): | ||
− | + | <math> | |
+ | \Phi=\frac{1}{2}k h^2 | ||
+ | </math> | ||
− | + | if <math>h<H</math>, and | |
− | <math>\Phi=\frac{1}{2} | + | <math> |
+ | \Phi=kHh-\frac{1}{2}kH^2 | ||
+ | </math> | ||
− | + | if <math>h>H</math>. This results in the Laplace/Poisson equation: | |
<math>\nabla ^2\Phi=-N </math> | <math>\nabla ^2\Phi=-N </math> | ||
− | + | The integrated discharge vector may be obtained from the gradient of the potential. | |
− | + | == One-dimensional horizontal flow == | |
Governing Equation: | Governing Equation: | ||
− | <math>\frac{\partial | + | <math>\frac{\partial^2 \Phi}{\partial x^2}=-N</math> |
'''Solution #1: Steady-state / Two Dirichlet Boundaries''' | '''Solution #1: Steady-state / Two Dirichlet Boundaries''' | ||
Line 29: | Line 37: | ||
Boundary conditions: | Boundary conditions: | ||
− | <math> | + | <math>\Phi(0)=\Phi_1; \frac{}{} \Phi(L)=\Phi_2</math> |
Solution: | Solution: | ||
<math>\Phi(x)=-\frac{1}{2}Nx^2+\left(\frac{\Phi_2-\Phi_1}{L}+\frac{1}{2}NL\right)x+\Phi_1</math> | <math>\Phi(x)=-\frac{1}{2}Nx^2+\left(\frac{\Phi_2-\Phi_1}{L}+\frac{1}{2}NL\right)x+\Phi_1</math> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
'''Solution #2: Steady-state / One Dirichlet, One Neumann Boundary''' | '''Solution #2: Steady-state / One Dirichlet, One Neumann Boundary''' | ||
Line 43: | Line 47: | ||
Boundary conditions: | Boundary conditions: | ||
− | <math> | + | <math>\Phi(0)=\Phi_1; \frac{}{} Q_x(L)=\beta</math> |
Solution: | Solution: | ||
<math>\Phi(x)=-\frac{1}{2}Nx^2+\left(-\beta+NL\right)x+\Phi_1</math> | <math>\Phi(x)=-\frac{1}{2}Nx^2+\left(-\beta+NL\right)x+\Phi_1</math> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | == Two-dimensional radially-symmetric horizontal flow == | |
Governing Equation: | Governing Equation: | ||
− | <math>\frac{\partial}{\partial r}\left( | + | <math>\frac{\partial}{\partial r}\left(r\frac{\partial \Phi}{\partial r}\right)=-N</math> |
'''Solution #1 (Steady State Thiem Solution):''' | '''Solution #1 (Steady State Thiem Solution):''' | ||
Line 72: | Line 72: | ||
<math>\Phi(r)=-\frac{Q}{2\pi}\ln\left(\frac{r}{R}\right)+\Phi_0</math> | <math>\Phi(r)=-\frac{Q}{2\pi}\ln\left(\frac{r}{R}\right)+\Phi_0</math> | ||
− | === General two-dimensional horizontal flow | + | == Two-dimensional general horizontal flow == |
+ | |||
+ | Governing Equation: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\frac{\partial^2 \Phi}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 \Phi}{\partial y^2}=-N</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | = Transient Phreatic (Unconfined) groundwater = | ||
+ | |||
+ | Governing Equation (1D or 2D): | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\nabla \cdot \left(kh \nabla h\right)=S_y\frac{\partial h}{\partial t}-N </math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Where <math>S_y</math> is the specific yield [-], <math>N</math> is the vertical influx to the aquifer (recharge/leakage) [<math>LT^{-1}</math>], and <math>h</math> [<math>L</math>] is both the head and the saturated thickness (i.e., the head is measured with the respect to a flat aquifer base). | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Exact solutions == | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | == General two-dimensional horizontal flow == | ||
− | = | + | = Transient Confined groundwater = |
Line 89: | Line 107: | ||
Where <math>\alpha=\frac{k}{S_s}</math> is the hydraulic diffusivity [<math>LT^{-1}</math>]of the aquifer. | Where <math>\alpha=\frac{k}{S_s}</math> is the hydraulic diffusivity [<math>LT^{-1}</math>]of the aquifer. | ||
− | + | == One-dimensional flow == | |
− | + | == Two-dimensional flow == | |
− | + | == Two-dimensional radially-symmetric flow == | |
'''Solution #1 (Transient Theis Solution):''' | '''Solution #1 (Transient Theis Solution):''' | ||
Line 113: | Line 131: | ||
Where <math>E_1()</math> is the exponential integral (a.k.a. the "well function") | Where <math>E_1()</math> is the exponential integral (a.k.a. the "well function") | ||
− | + | == Three-dimensional flow == | |
− | + | == Three-dimensional spherically-symmetric flow == | |
− | + | == Three-dimensional axially-symmetric flow == | |
− | + | = Multi-layer systems = | |
− | + | = Dispersion = | |
− | + | = Density flow (interface)= |
Revision as of 14:33, 7 December 2007
Categorization is loosely based upon scheme used by Bruggeman (1999)
Contents
Steady-state Confined/Unconfined Potential Flow
Governing Equation (1D or 2D):
<math>\nabla \cdot \left(k\phi \nabla h\right)=-N </math>
Where <math>\phi</math> is the saturated thickness of the aquifer [<math>L</math>], <math>N</math> is the vertical influx to the aquifer (recharge/leakage) [<math>LT^{-1}</math>], and <math>h</math> [<math>L</math>] is the head measured with the respect to a flat aquifer base.
A common transformation (the Girinskii potential) can be used to simplified the governing equation, and make it equally valid for both confined flow (<math>\phi=H</math>) and unconfined flow (<math>\phi=h</math>):
<math> \Phi=\frac{1}{2}k h^2 </math>
if <math>h<H</math>, and
<math> \Phi=kHh-\frac{1}{2}kH^2 </math>
if <math>h>H</math>. This results in the Laplace/Poisson equation:
<math>\nabla ^2\Phi=-N </math>
The integrated discharge vector may be obtained from the gradient of the potential.
One-dimensional horizontal flow
Governing Equation:
<math>\frac{\partial^2 \Phi}{\partial x^2}=-N</math>
Solution #1: Steady-state / Two Dirichlet Boundaries
Boundary conditions: <math>\Phi(0)=\Phi_1; \frac{}{} \Phi(L)=\Phi_2</math> Solution: <math>\Phi(x)=-\frac{1}{2}Nx^2+\left(\frac{\Phi_2-\Phi_1}{L}+\frac{1}{2}NL\right)x+\Phi_1</math>
Solution #2: Steady-state / One Dirichlet, One Neumann Boundary
Boundary conditions: <math>\Phi(0)=\Phi_1; \frac{}{} Q_x(L)=\beta</math> Solution: <math>\Phi(x)=-\frac{1}{2}Nx^2+\left(-\beta+NL\right)x+\Phi_1</math>
Two-dimensional radially-symmetric horizontal flow
Governing Equation:
<math>\frac{\partial}{\partial r}\left(r\frac{\partial \Phi}{\partial r}\right)=-N</math>
Solution #1 (Steady State Thiem Solution):
Boundary conditions: <math>\underset{r\rightarrow 0}{\lim}\int_0^{2\pi} rkh\frac{\partial h}{\partial r}d\theta=\underset{r\rightarrow 0}{\lim}\int_0^{2\pi} rQ_rd\theta=Q</math> (i.e., the total flow out at r=0 is equal to the total flow from the well, <math>Q</math>) <math>\Phi(R)=\Phi_0\frac{}{}</math> Solution: <math>\Phi(r)=-\frac{Q}{2\pi}\ln\left(\frac{r}{R}\right)+\Phi_0</math>
Two-dimensional general horizontal flow
Governing Equation:
<math>\frac{\partial^2 \Phi}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 \Phi}{\partial y^2}=-N</math>
Transient Phreatic (Unconfined) groundwater
Governing Equation (1D or 2D):
<math>\nabla \cdot \left(kh \nabla h\right)=S_y\frac{\partial h}{\partial t}-N </math>
Where <math>S_y</math> is the specific yield [-], <math>N</math> is the vertical influx to the aquifer (recharge/leakage) [<math>LT^{-1}</math>], and <math>h</math> [<math>L</math>] is both the head and the saturated thickness (i.e., the head is measured with the respect to a flat aquifer base).
Exact solutions
General two-dimensional horizontal flow
Transient Confined groundwater
Governing Equation (1D or 2D):
<math>\nabla \cdot \left(kH \nabla h\right)=S_sH\frac{\partial h}{\partial t}-N </math>
Where <math>S_s</math> is the specific storage [-], <math>N</math> is the vertical influx to the aquifer (recharge/leakage) [<math>LT^{-1}</math>], <math>H</math> is the saturated thickness of the aquifer and <math>h</math> [<math>L</math>] is the head, measured with respect to an arbitrary datum.
For piecewise constant properties, we can substitute in the confined Girinskii potential (<math>\Phi=kHh</math>) to obtain the following governing equation:
<math>\nabla ^2\Phi=\frac{1}{\alpha}\frac{\partial \Phi}{\partial t}-N </math>
Where <math>\alpha=\frac{k}{S_s}</math> is the hydraulic diffusivity [<math>LT^{-1}</math>]of the aquifer.
One-dimensional flow
Two-dimensional flow
Two-dimensional radially-symmetric flow
Solution #1 (Transient Theis Solution):
Boundary/initial conditions: <math>\Phi(r,0)=\Phi_0\frac{}{}</math> <math>\underset{r\rightarrow 0}{\lim}\int_0^{2\pi} rkH\frac{\partial h}{\partial r}d\theta=\underset{r\rightarrow 0}{\lim}\int_0^{2\pi} rQ_rd\theta=QH(t)</math> (i.e., the total flow out at r=0 is equal to the total flow from the well, <math>Q</math>). Here, <math>H(t)</math> is the heaviside function, equal to 1 for <math>t>0</math>, zero otherwise. <math>\underset{r\rightarrow \infty}{\lim}\Phi(r)=\Phi_0\frac{}{}</math> Solution: <math>\Phi(r,t) = \Phi_0-\frac{Q}{4\pi}E_1\left(\frac{r^2 S_s}{4kt}\right)</math> Where <math>E_1()</math> is the exponential integral (a.k.a. the "well function")